Binary analysis is the process of examining binary files, which are compiled programs or data files that a computer can execute. This analysis helps in understanding how software operates, identifying vulnerabilities, and ensuring security. By studying the binary code, analysts can uncover hidden functions, detect malware, and assess the overall integrity of the software. The techniques used in binary analysis include static analysis, where the code is examined without execution, and dynamic analysis, which involves running the program to observe its behavior. Tools like disassemblers and decompilers are often employed to convert binary code back into a more human-readable format, aiding in the analysis process.