Billing fraud occurs when a person or organization intentionally submits false information to receive payment for goods or services that were not provided. This can involve overcharging, charging for services not rendered, or using fake invoices to deceive customers or clients. Common examples of billing fraud include identity theft, where someone uses another person's information to create fraudulent bills, and phantom billing, where a company bills for services that were never performed. This type of fraud can lead to significant financial losses for both individuals and businesses.