The Big Island, officially known as Hawaii Island, is the largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is known for its diverse landscapes, which include volcanic mountains, lush rainforests, and beautiful beaches. The island is home to Mauna Kea, the tallest mountain in the world when measured from its base on the ocean floor, and Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. The Big Island has a rich cultural history, with significant sites such as Pu'uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, which served as a place of refuge in ancient Hawaiian society. The island's economy is driven by tourism, agriculture, and research, particularly in astronomy and marine biology.