Beta-lactam refers to a class of antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure. This ring is crucial for their antibacterial activity, as it interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, ultimately leading to the death of the bacteria. Common examples of beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins. These antibiotics are widely used to treat various bacterial infections due to their effectiveness and relatively low toxicity. However, some bacteria have developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it essential for healthcare providers to choose the appropriate treatment based on susceptibility testing.