Beta-Galactosidase is an enzyme that helps break down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals who are lactose intolerant, as it allows them to digest dairy more easily. This enzyme is produced by various organisms, including bacteria like Escherichia coli and yeast. In biotechnology, Beta-Galactosidase is often used in laboratory experiments and food processing to improve lactose digestion and enhance the sweetness of dairy products.