The Bessemer process is a method for producing steel from molten iron. Invented by Henry Bessemer in the 1850s, it involves blowing air through the molten iron to remove impurities like carbon. This process significantly reduces the cost and time needed to produce steel, making it more accessible for various industries. This innovation played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, as it allowed for the mass production of steel. The resulting material was stronger and more durable, leading to advancements in construction, transportation, and manufacturing, ultimately transforming modern society.