Benjamin Thompson, also known as Count Rumford, was an American-born scientist and inventor born in 1753. He is best known for his work in thermodynamics and heat transfer, particularly his studies on the nature of heat and its relationship to work. Thompson's research laid the groundwork for modern physics and engineering. In addition to his scientific contributions, Thompson served in the British Army during the American Revolutionary War and later became a prominent figure in Europe. He was appointed as a count in the Holy Roman Empire and contributed to various fields, including military engineering and social reform.