Benjamin Murmelstein was an Austrian rabbi and a prominent Jewish leader during World War II. He is best known for his role as the last president of the Jewish Council in the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he worked to improve conditions for the Jewish inmates under Nazi rule. Murmelstein's actions have been the subject of debate, as he was seen by some as a collaborator with the Nazis while others viewed him as a pragmatic leader trying to save lives. After the war, he lived in Vienna and later moved to Rome, where he continued his work in the Jewish community.