Belgium's history began as a collection of tribes, including the Belgae, before becoming part of the Roman Empire. After the fall of Rome, the region was influenced by various powers, including the Franks and the Holy Roman Empire. In the 15th century, it became a center of trade and culture, particularly in cities like Bruges and Ghent. In the 19th century, Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands in 1830. The country became known for its industrialization and was a founding member of the European Union. Throughout the 20th century, Belgium faced challenges, including two World Wars and internal divisions between Flemish and Walloon communities.