The Belgian Congo was a large territory in Central Africa, controlled by Belgium from 1908 to 1960. It was originally established as a personal possession of King Leopold II in 1885, who exploited its resources, particularly rubber, leading to severe human rights abuses. The region was rich in natural resources, including minerals like copper and diamonds. In 1960, the Belgian Congo gained independence and became the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The transition was marked by political turmoil and conflict, including the assassination of its first prime minister, Patrice Lumumba. The legacy of colonial rule continues to impact the country today.