Beers are alcoholic beverages made from four primary ingredients: water, malted grains (usually barley), hops, and yeast. The brewing process involves fermenting the sugars from the malted grains, which produces alcohol and carbonation. There are many styles of beer, including lagers, ales, and stouts, each with unique flavors and characteristics. The alcohol content in beers typically ranges from 3% to 12% by volume, although some craft beers can be stronger. Hops contribute bitterness and aroma, balancing the sweetness of the malt. Beer is enjoyed worldwide and is often paired with food or consumed during social gatherings.