The Battle of Vicksburg was a significant conflict during the American Civil War, taking place from May 18 to July 4, 1863. It was fought between the Union forces, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, and the Confederate defenders, commanded by Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton. The Union aimed to gain control of the Mississippi River, which was crucial for transportation and supply lines. After a prolonged siege, the Confederate forces surrendered on July 4, 1863, marking a turning point in the war. This victory allowed the Union to split the Confederacy and significantly boosted Northern morale, contributing to the eventual Union victory in the Civil War.