Basement walls are the vertical structures that form the sides of a basement, providing support and protection for the building above. They are typically made from materials like concrete, brick, or block, designed to withstand soil pressure and moisture. Properly constructed basement walls help prevent water infiltration and structural damage. In addition to their structural role, basement walls can also be insulated to improve energy efficiency. Insulation materials, such as foam board or fiberglass, can be added to reduce heat loss and create a more comfortable living space. Proper drainage systems, like French drains, are often installed to manage water around basement walls effectively.