Base-2, also known as the binary number system, uses only two digits: 0 and 1. This system is fundamental in computer science and digital electronics because it aligns with the on-off states of electronic circuits. Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, making it easy for computers to process and store data. In binary, the number 10 represents the decimal number 2, while 11 represents 3. Converting between binary and decimal involves understanding these powers of 2. For example, the binary number 101 equals 1×2^2 + 0×2^1 + 1×2^0, which totals 5 in decimal.