Base 2, also known as the binary number system, is a way of representing numbers using only two digits: 0 and 1. This system is fundamental in computer science and digital electronics because computers operate using binary logic. Each digit in a binary number is referred to as a bit, and the position of each bit represents a power of 2. In Base 2, the rightmost bit represents 2^0, the next bit to the left represents 2^1, and so on. For example, the binary number 101 translates to the decimal number 5 because it is calculated as (1 × 2^2) + (0 × 2^1) + (1 × 2^0). Understanding Base 2 is essential for programming and working with digital systems.