Baryon number violation refers to a process in particle physics where the total number of baryons (particles like protons and neutrons) changes. In standard physics, the baryon number is conserved, meaning it remains constant in reactions. However, certain theories, particularly those involving Grand Unified Theories or supersymmetry, suggest that under specific conditions, baryon number can be violated. This violation is significant because it could help explain the observed imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe. If baryon number violation occurs, it might allow for processes that create more baryons than antibaryons, potentially shedding light on the origins of the universe and the dominance of matter.