The Bank of Russia is the central bank of the Russian Federation, responsible for managing the country's monetary policy and ensuring financial stability. Established in 1990, it regulates the banking sector, issues the national currency, the Russian ruble, and oversees payment systems. The bank also plays a crucial role in managing foreign exchange reserves and implementing economic policies. It aims to maintain low inflation and support sustainable economic growth. The Bank of Russia operates independently from the government, ensuring that its decisions are based on economic data and analysis.