A ball valve is a type of valve that controls the flow of liquids or gases through a pipe. It consists of a hollow, perforated sphere, or ball, that rotates within the valve body. When the ball is turned so that the hole aligns with the pipe, the flow is allowed; when it is turned perpendicular, the flow is blocked. This design provides a reliable and quick way to shut off or regulate flow. Ball valves are commonly used in various applications, including plumbing, oil and gas, and chemical processing. They are favored for their durability, ease of operation, and ability to maintain a tight seal, making them suitable for high-pressure systems.