A ball valve is a type of valve that controls the flow of liquids or gases through a pipe. It consists of a hollow, perforated sphere, or ball, that rotates within the valve body. When the ball is turned so that the hole aligns with the pipe, the flow is allowed; when it is turned perpendicular, the flow is blocked. This design provides a reliable and quick way to shut off or allow flow. Ball valves are commonly used in various applications, including plumbing, industrial processes, and oil and gas systems. They are favored for their durability and ability to maintain a tight seal, making them effective for both high-pressure and low-pressure systems. Their simple operation and low maintenance requirements contribute to their widespread use in the industry.