Bacteriophages, often called phages, are viruses that specifically infect and replicate within bacteria. They are composed of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. Bacteriophages play a crucial role in regulating bacterial populations in various environments, including soil and the human gut. Researchers are exploring the use of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. This approach, known as phage therapy, harnesses the ability of phages to target and destroy harmful bacteria while leaving beneficial ones unharmed. Bacteriophages are also being studied for their potential in food safety and biocontrol applications.