Axon regeneration is the process by which damaged nerve fibers, or axons, attempt to repair themselves after injury. In the peripheral nervous system, axons can regenerate effectively due to the supportive environment provided by Schwann cells, which help guide the regrowth and provide essential nutrients. This regeneration can restore function to the affected area. In contrast, axon regeneration in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is much more limited. Factors such as the presence of myelin-associated inhibitors and a lack of supportive cells hinder the repair process. Researchers are exploring ways to enhance regeneration in the central nervous system to improve recovery from injuries.