Avian paleontology is the study of ancient birds and their evolutionary history. This field examines fossilized remains to understand how birds have changed over millions of years. Researchers analyze bone structures, feathers, and other characteristics to trace the lineage of modern birds back to their dinosaur ancestors, particularly the group known as theropods. Scientists in avian paleontology also explore the ecological roles of ancient birds and their interactions with other species. By studying fossils found in various geological layers, they can reconstruct past environments and climate conditions, providing insights into how birds adapted to changing habitats throughout the Cretaceous and beyond.