An autosome is a type of chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism. In humans, there are 22 pairs of autosomes, which carry the majority of our genetic information. These chromosomes are responsible for various traits and functions, such as eye color and height, and they are found in both males and females. Unlike sex chromosomes, which are labeled as X and Y, autosomes are the same in both genders. Each parent contributes one chromosome from each pair, ensuring that offspring inherit a mix of traits from both mother and father. This genetic diversity is crucial for evolution and adaptation.