Autophagy is a natural process in which cells break down and recycle their own components. This mechanism helps maintain cellular health by removing damaged organelles and proteins, allowing cells to function more efficiently. It plays a crucial role in cellular maintenance, adaptation to stress, and overall homeostasis. During autophagy, cells form structures called autophagosomes that engulf unwanted materials. These structures then fuse with lysosomes, where the contents are degraded and recycled. This process is essential for energy production, especially during times of nutrient scarcity, and is linked to various health benefits, including longevity and disease prevention.