"Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" is the second stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, typically occurring between the ages of 1 and 3 years. During this stage, children begin to assert their independence by exploring their environment and making choices. Successful navigation of this stage leads to a sense of autonomy, where children feel confident in their abilities. Conversely, if caregivers are overly critical or controlling, children may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their capabilities. This can hinder their self-esteem and lead to a reluctance to explore or make decisions, impacting their overall development and future interactions.