Australian politics operates within a parliamentary system, where the Prime Minister is the head of government. The country is a constitutional monarchy, meaning it recognizes the British monarch as the ceremonial head of state. The Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Members of the House are elected by the public, while Senators represent the states and territories. Political parties play a significant role in shaping policies and governance. The two major parties are the Liberal Party and the Labor Party, with various smaller parties also influencing the political landscape. Elections are held every three years, allowing citizens to participate in the democratic process.