Asynchronous frameworks are essential tools in software development that allow programs to perform tasks concurrently without blocking the main execution thread. This means that while one task is waiting for a response, such as a network request, other tasks can continue to run, improving efficiency and responsiveness. These frameworks utilize concepts like callbacks, promises, and async/await syntax to manage operations that take time to complete. Popular examples include Node.js for JavaScript and Asyncio for Python, both of which enable developers to build scalable applications that can handle multiple operations simultaneously without freezing the user interface.