Astrophysical models are theoretical frameworks used by scientists to understand the behavior and evolution of celestial objects and phenomena. These models help explain various aspects of the universe, such as the formation of stars, the dynamics of galaxies, and the nature of black holes. By using mathematical equations and simulations, researchers can predict how these objects will change over time. These models are essential for interpreting observational data collected from telescopes and space missions. They allow scientists to test hypotheses about the universe, such as the Big Bang theory and the existence of dark matter. Through continuous refinement, astrophysical models enhance our understanding of the cosmos.