Astronomical calculations involve the use of mathematics and physics to determine the positions and movements of celestial bodies, such as planets, stars, and moons. These calculations help astronomers predict events like eclipses and the orbits of satellites, providing essential information for both scientific research and navigation. To perform these calculations, astronomers often use tools like ephemerides, which are tables that list the positions of celestial objects at specific times. They also apply principles from Newton's laws of motion and Kepler's laws of planetary motion to understand how these bodies interact with each other and their gravitational influences.