Arthur Griffith was an Irish nationalist leader and the founder of the Sinn Féin political party in 1905. He played a significant role in the struggle for Irish independence from British rule and was a key figure in the Easter Rising of 1916. Griffith advocated for a policy of peaceful negotiation and self-governance for Ireland. In addition to his political activities, Griffith served as the President of the Dáil Éireann, the first Irish parliament, from 1922 until his death in 1922. He was instrumental in the negotiations that led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which established the Irish Free State.