The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, attributed to the philosopher and economist Kautilya, also known as Chanakya. Written in Sanskrit, it is believed to have been composed in the 4th century BCE and serves as a guide for rulers on how to govern effectively and maintain power. The text covers various topics, including diplomacy, warfare, and the management of resources. The Arthashastra emphasizes the importance of pragmatism and realpolitik in governance. It outlines strategies for dealing with enemies, managing alliances, and ensuring the prosperity of the state. The work is considered one of the earliest texts on political science and economics, influencing both ancient and modern thought on governance and administration.