Army Alpha was a group intelligence test developed during World War I to assess the cognitive abilities of military recruits. It aimed to classify soldiers based on their mental capabilities, helping the U.S. Army determine suitable roles for them in the military. The test included various tasks, such as solving puzzles and answering questions, to measure skills like reasoning, vocabulary, and arithmetic. Army Alpha was significant in the history of psychological testing and laid the groundwork for future assessments, influencing how intelligence and aptitude tests are designed and utilized in various fields today.