Arlie Hochschild is an American sociologist known for her research on emotions and the dynamics of work and family life. She introduced the concept of "emotional labor," which refers to the management of feelings to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. Her work has significantly influenced the fields of sociology and gender studies. Hochschild is also recognized for her books, including The Managed Heart and The Second Shift, where she explores the challenges faced by working women and the balance between professional and domestic responsibilities. Her insights have contributed to discussions about gender roles and the impact of societal expectations on personal relationships.