Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" is a foundational text in Western philosophy that explores the nature of ethical behavior and the pursuit of happiness. Written by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, it emphasizes the importance of virtue and character in achieving a good life. Aristotle argues that happiness, or eudaimonia, is the ultimate goal of human existence and can be attained through the practice of virtues. The work is divided into ten books, each addressing different aspects of ethics, such as moral virtue, intellectual virtue, and the role of friendship. Aristotle introduces the concept of the "Golden Mean," which suggests that virtue lies between extremes of excess and deficiency. This framework has influenced ethical thought for centuries and remains relevant in contemporary discussions of morality.