The Apgar Score is a quick assessment used to evaluate the health of newborns immediately after birth. It measures five criteria: heart rate, breathing effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and skin color. Each criterion is scored from 0 to 2, with a maximum possible score of 10. This scoring system helps healthcare providers determine if a newborn needs immediate medical attention. The Apgar Score is typically assessed at one and five minutes after birth, allowing for a quick evaluation of the baby's condition and response to the birthing process.