Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist born in 1632, known as the "Father of Microbiology." He is famous for his pioneering work in microscopy, using simple microscopes he crafted himself. His observations of tiny organisms, which he called "animalcules," laid the foundation for the field of microbiology. Van Leeuwenhoek's meticulous studies revealed a microscopic world previously unknown to humanity. He examined various substances, including pond water, dental plaque, and blood, discovering bacteria and protozoa. His work significantly advanced the understanding of cell biology and the diversity of life, influencing future scientists like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.