Antineoplastic agents are medications used to treat cancer by inhibiting the growth and spread of malignant cells. These drugs can work in various ways, such as interfering with cell division or promoting cell death. They are commonly used in chemotherapy, a treatment method that targets rapidly dividing cancer cells. There are several types of antineoplastic agents, including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and plant alkaloids. Each type has a specific mechanism of action and is chosen based on the type of cancer and its stage. While effective, antineoplastic treatments can also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects.