Anticoagulation refers to the process of preventing blood clots from forming or growing larger. This is often achieved through medications known as anticoagulants, which work by inhibiting certain factors in the blood clotting process. Common anticoagulants include warfarin, heparin, and newer agents like direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Anticoagulation is crucial for individuals at risk of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or atrial fibrillation. By managing blood clotting, these medications help reduce the risk of serious complications, including stroke and heart attack. Regular monitoring and dosage adjustments may be necessary to ensure safety and effectiveness.