An anticoagulant is a type of medication that helps prevent blood clots from forming in the body. These drugs work by interfering with the blood's natural clotting process, which is essential for healing but can be dangerous if clots form inappropriately. Common anticoagulants include warfarin, heparin, and newer agents like apixaban. Anticoagulants are often prescribed for individuals at risk of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. They are also used in patients with certain heart conditions, like atrial fibrillation, to reduce the risk of stroke. Regular monitoring may be necessary to ensure safe and effective use.