Antarktis, or Antarctica, is the southernmost continent on Earth, containing the South Pole. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent, covered by a thick layer of ice that holds about 60% of the world's fresh water. The region is largely uninhabited, with no permanent residents, but various research stations are operated by countries like the United States and Russia. The unique ecosystem of Antarktis is home to various species, including penguins, seals, and whales. The continent plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and ocean currents. Due to its extreme conditions, scientific research in Antarktis focuses on climate change, glaciology, and marine biology.