Antarktika, or Antarctica, is the southernmost continent on Earth, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent, covered almost entirely by ice. The Antarctic ice sheet contains about 60% of the world's fresh water and plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. The continent is home to unique wildlife, including species like penguins, seals, and whales. There are no permanent human residents, but various countries maintain research stations to study the environment and climate. The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1961, ensures that the continent is used for peaceful purposes and scientific research.