The Antarctic ecosystem is characterized by its extreme cold and unique wildlife. It includes the icy continent of Antarctica and surrounding ocean regions, where species like penguins, seals, and various types of krill thrive. The harsh climate limits plant life, primarily consisting of mosses, lichens, and algae, which are adapted to survive in freezing temperatures. The Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem, providing nutrients that support a diverse food web. Phytoplankton forms the base of this web, serving as food for small marine animals, which in turn feed larger predators. This interconnected system is vital for maintaining the ecological balance in this remote region.