The Antarctic Regions refer to the areas surrounding the South Pole, primarily consisting of the continent of Antarctica and the surrounding ocean. This region is characterized by extreme cold, ice-covered landscapes, and unique wildlife, including species like penguins and seals. The Antarctic ice sheet holds about 60% of the world's fresh water. The Antarctic Regions are also significant for scientific research, as they provide insights into climate change and Earth's history. The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961, promotes peaceful cooperation among nations for scientific exploration and environmental protection in this fragile ecosystem.