Ancient France, known as Gaul, was inhabited by various Celtic tribes before the Roman conquest. The region was rich in resources and culture, with tribes like the Aedui and Arverni playing significant roles in its history. The Romans, led by Julius Caesar, began their conquest in 58 BC, eventually integrating Gaul into the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, Gaul experienced significant urban development, including the establishment of cities like Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon) and Arelate (Arles). The region became a melting pot of cultures, blending Celtic traditions with Roman influences, which laid the groundwork for the future of France.