The Anabaptist Movement emerged in the early 16th century during the Protestant Reformation. It advocated for adult baptism, rejecting the practice of infant baptism, which was common in both the Catholic Church and other Protestant groups. Anabaptists believed that baptism should be a conscious choice made by individuals who have faith in Christ. Anabaptists also emphasized the importance of community, pacifism, and separation from state affairs. Key groups within the movement include the Mennonites and the Amish. Their beliefs often led to persecution, as they challenged established religious and social norms of their time.