Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It leads to the gradual loss of muscle control, making it difficult for individuals to move, speak, and eventually breathe. The exact cause of ALS is not fully understood, but it can occur sporadically or in rare familial cases. Symptoms of ALS typically begin with muscle weakness and may progress to paralysis. While there is currently no cure, treatments focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Research continues to explore potential therapies and the underlying mechanisms of the disease.