Amino acid transport refers to the process by which amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are moved into and out of cells. This transport is essential for various cellular functions, including protein synthesis and metabolism. Amino acids are transported across cell membranes through specific transport proteins, which can be categorized into different systems based on their mechanisms and the types of amino acids they carry. There are two main types of amino acid transport: active transport and facilitated diffusion. Active transport requires energy to move amino acids against their concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion allows amino acids to move along their gradient without energy input. Both processes are crucial for maintaining proper cellular function and overall health.