Alternating Current (AC) circuits are electrical circuits where the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction. Unlike Direct Current (DC), where the current flows in a single direction, AC is characterized by its sinusoidal waveform, which allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances. This type of current is commonly used in homes and businesses for powering appliances and lighting. In an AC circuit, components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors interact differently compared to DC circuits. The behavior of these components is influenced by the frequency of the AC signal, typically measured in hertz (Hz). Understanding these interactions is essential for designing and analyzing electrical systems that utilize AC power.