Allosteric inhibitors are molecules that bind to a specific site on an enzyme, distinct from the active site where substrates bind. This binding changes the enzyme's shape, reducing its activity and preventing it from catalyzing reactions effectively. This mechanism allows for fine-tuning of enzyme function, which is crucial in various biological processes. These inhibitors play a significant role in regulating metabolic pathways and can be important in drug design. By targeting allosteric sites, researchers can develop therapies that modulate enzyme activity, potentially leading to treatments for diseases like cancer and diabetes.