The Albanian state refers to the sovereign nation located in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south, with the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest. The capital city is Tirana, which serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. Established in 1912, the Albanian state has a rich history influenced by various cultures and empires, including the Ottoman Empire. It is a parliamentary republic, and its government is based on democratic principles. The official language is Albanian, and the country is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from mountains to coastal areas.